updated: 2/27/2026
Hawaiian-English      concordance      English-Hawaiian      
introduction    counts    index    reverse index    references    topical    texts

The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

Joseph P. Gaimard and Jacques Arago's List
(1819)

The Uranie, a French ship commanded by Capt. Louis de Freycinet, was engaged in an exploring and scientific voyage, the principal object of which "…was the investigation of the figure of the earth, and of the elements of terrestrial magnetism ...". It arrived in Hawaii on August 8, 1819 and left August 30. Jacques Arago held the position of draftsman on the voyage.

In his narrative, Arago included a note of appreciation for Joseph P. Gaimard, "second surgeon" aboard the Uranie, that justifies including him not only a co-author, but as one who deserves first billing for the linguistic material. About ten years later, Gaimard was a member of the Dumont d'Urville expedition, again collecting words from Pacific languages.

adapted from Albert J. Schütz, "Voices of Eden" pp. 38-39.

analyzed and annotated by Albert J. Schütz

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist gloss
175.AaʻahaCord which fastens the pieces of the canoe
211.AboboʻapōpōTo-morrow
215.AcorouʻakoluThree
93.AdodouéhākuʻekuʻeSmall black sea-egg (echinus atratus)
192.Agounigouniʻākulikuli kula ('purslane')Purslain
216.A-haʻahāFour
213.Ahaï or AtaïʻakahiOne
88.AhamahʻaʻamaBrown crab with some white points
180.AhoréʻaʻoleNo I won't
191.AïahiFire
35.Aï Rima? ʻami limaElbow-joint, bend of the arm
19.Aï, Pouhahior, or Nihouʻāʻī, pūʻāʻīNeck
219.Aïkon* or Aïton*ʻahikuSeven
*231 Aïkou Kanaa)
231.Aïkou Kanaaʻahiku kanahāSeventy
63.AïpouipuCalebash
233.Aïva Kanaaʻaiwa kanahāNinety
221.AïwaʻaiwaNine
36.Akarimaʻeke ('shrink') lima ('hand')Fist
146.Akiékiʻekiʻe ('tall')Tail
210.Aloa or Aro-haalohaGood-day; I love you well
129.AnouénouéānuenueRainbow
218.AonoʻaonoSix
230.Aono Kanaaʻaono kanahāSixty
220.A-ouarouʻawaluEight
232.A-Ouarou Kanaaʻawalu kanahāEighty
18.Aouhé or Aou-aiʻauwaeChin
74.AoukéoukéhāʻukeʻukeSea-egg with points
166.AounoamaCurved pieces, which sustain the float abaft
122.Aounonouhienenue ('pilot fish')Balistes niger
90.AounouïuhuBalistes [triggerfish or file fish]
127.Aoupéna? ʻupena ('net')Thread which serves as tow
125.AouracʻaunakiPiece of wood to light the fire
126.Aourimaʻau limaPiece of wood to rub with
120.A-ourou-ourouhāʻulaʻula ('reddish')Reddish labrus
102.AraïʻalaeWater-hen
14.AréroualeloTongue
150.Aré-Taméhaméhaaliʻi KamahamehaPowder-box
*)
217.ArimaʻalimaFive
214.ArouaʻaluaTwo
229.Aroua Kanaaʻalua kanahāFifty
167.AtéaʻākeaTransom, large knee, or piece of wood which terminates each extremity of the canoe
212.Cacaou or TataoukākauTattooing
207.CoKū₁₀First day of the month
98.Coréa Ouririkōlea ʻuliliBird of the Hymantopus species, with a long greyish bill
89.Corérévas? pololiaSea-blubber [jellyfish]
142.CoucouïkukuiA kind of fruit which tastes like rancid or rotten nuts
71.Créahouaré___ huali ('shining ___')Ring
140.EaouʻiakoStraight cross pieces
143.EbouipuVases made of calebashes
172.EbouipuCalebash to bail out water
177.EeiahʻōhiʻaTomato or love-apple
186.Eiéhe iʻePiece of wood with which they beat the bark of the paper mulberry tree to make cloth
187.Ek-kouahe kuaWood on which it [kapa] is beat
100.ErépéïoʻelepaioGnat-catcher, spotted black and white, brown back
95.ErépiʻelepīBrown crab
96.Erérpiʻelelū ('cockroach')Xakerlat
62.Erinouhialiʻi nuiKing
101.Ha-aʻāʻā ('booby bird')Brown Albatross
27.IbikoumoiwikuamoʻoBackbone
184.Iéʻie ('a vine')*Helmet of a warrior from the Sandwich Islands
*perhaps woven into shape for a helmet
113.Inaréa noucoeirihīnālea nuku ʻiʻiwi ('wrasse')Fistularia tabaccaria (fish)
138.Ioa___Double canoe
7.IouihuNose
153.Ipou-o-kio-kioipu hōkiokioMusical instrument made of the calebash
154.Ipoutou-lavé? ipu kuha lawe ('gourd spit take')Spitting box
130.IrouhiluLabrus, with a blackish dorsal fin
25.IviréïiwileiCollarbone
108.Kakiki___Cypraea [cowrie]
228.KanaakanahāForty
227.kanakoronakanakoluThirty
226.KanarouakanaluaTwenty
*iwakālua today
49.Kapouaï-oua-ouaïkapuaʻi ('foot sole, foot print')Foot
116.KarakalaNaso, with a white border
53.Kasué-kaué-ouaouakuʻekuʻe wāwaeHeel
68.Kenou___Canoe
29.Kikar'kīkalaLumbar region
28.Kioua or Kouamokua, kuamoʻoBack
137.Koahoukoa, koaiʻaLarge tree, with yellow blossoms
31.KoékohePrivate parts of a female
87.KoréakōleaSnipe
4.KouamakakuʻemakaEye-brow
37.Kouarimakua limaBack of the hand
60.Koué-KouékuʻekuʻeElbow
46.KourikuliKnee
2.La-hélaeForehead
201.Lapalapalapalapa ('many ridged')Square bottle
152.Léhi-halalei halaNecklace made of the fruit of the Pandanus
10.Léréeh or LérichleheleheLips
43.Limeïkilima ikiLittle finger
206.Ma aïna, or Taïromahina, kāʻeloMonth
179.MacanamakanaAny present
148.Mahoumauʻu ('grass')Sea-weed
114.Maï-iimāʻiʻiʻi ('surgeonfish')Balistes
44.Maïo-houmaiʻao, māiʻuʻuNail
3.MakamakaEye
205.MakaïlémakahikiYear
188.Makaou___Grape
124.Mamamohmamamo ('sergeant fish')Chetodon, with black vertical stripes
195.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Arrow-head
*parhaps used for this thing
196.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Great spear
*parhaps used for this thing
157.MamomamoCrown of yellow feathers
56.Mana-mana-nouïmanamana nuiSecond-toe
75.Manana or Maïamanana ('sweet potato'), maiʻaBanana
59.Mané éhï___Fifth-toe
57.Manéa nouï___ nuiThird-toe
58.Manéa nouï___ nuiFourth-toe
85.ManoumanuBird
115.Marémale ('young uhu')Blackish labrus
151.MaromaloGirdle
208.MeïtéïmaikaʻiGood: it is well: it is good
40.Mekipoïlimameke poi / miki poiFore-finger
81.MohomoʻoGecko, species of lizard
198.MouhénamoenaMat
117.NéhounehuSmall silver fish
141.Néhou or NihouniuCocoa-nut tree
13.Niou noui or kouiniho nui / kuʻiGrinder
11.Niou or NiohounihoTooth
12.Niou ririniholiʻiliʻi ('small tooth') niho ʻaki ('incisors')Incisors
158.nocounukuNeak
199.NoonohoBench
112.Nounounūnū₃ ('trumpet fish')Syngnathus [seaweed pipefish]
91.ObibiʻōpihiPatella
121.Obouéʻoʻopu hue ('balloon fish')Large fish of Owhyhee
80.Oé-aïʻōkaʻi ('moth')Sphinx [hawk moth]
26.Oé-OéhoehoeShoulderblade
170.Ohoupou, kiaMast
79.OhourépiʻōlepeBivalve ridgy shell
139.Oïaʻōhiʻa ('type of wood')Cross pieces, arched, which unite the double canoes
156.Oiaou or Atoua? heiau, akuaPlaces where hogs, bananas, & c. are
189.Okéou inaïhōkeo ___ inuCovered calebash
50.Okoua-oua-ouaïkuʻe wāwaeInstep
202.OmoréʻōmoleRound bottle
203.Omoré anéanéʻōmole anianiWhite chrystal decanter
6.Onoe, or Onoiʻōnohi ('eyeball') ʻūpoʻi maka ('eyelid')Eye-lid
145.OoohoHair
97.O-OuʻōʻōSparrow, with yellow head
21.Opou or ObouʻōpūBelly
163.OpouhouʻōpūBelly
119.Opouréʻōpule ('wrasse')Labrus, with white spots
144.OronaolonāSmall cord
118.Orouma Mahaouvetamoano, weke ('goatfish')Elegant labrus, with a red stripe, bordered with violet on each side; reddish candal fin
48.Orou-OrouʻoloʻoloCalf of the leg
107.Ou nihiʻūhiniGrasshopper
9.Oua-hawahaMouth
159.Oua-hawahaTongue of a bird
23.Oua-hiouwaiūBreast
133.OuahoukéwaukePaper mulberry
209.OuaïnéwahineWoman
73.Ouaïtaï nouʻo wai ka inoaWhat is the name of that?
86.OuanawanaSea-egg
55.Oua-oua-nouïwāwae nuiGreat-toe
45.OuhaʻūhāThigh
47.Ouha-OuhaïwāwaeLeg
8.Ouka ioupuka ihuNostril
197.Ouléi, Toaïéʻūlei, koaiʻePointed stick like a spindle,used at a game
176.OulouʻuluBread-fruit tree
164.Ouma-oumaumaumaBreast
222.Oumiʻumiten
225.Oumi Koumou Macorou, & c.ʻumi kumamākoluThirteen
223.Oumi Koumou Makaïʻumi kumamākahiEleven
224.Oumi Koumou Marouaʻumi kumamāluaTwelve
17.Oumi-oumihʻumiʻumiBeard
20.Oumouma or OumaoumaumaumaBreast
76.Ouraula ('lobster')Banina serrata (crustac.)
131.Ouralhulali ('sea cucumber')A fish, with a flat head
106.Oura-Louapulelehua ('butterfly')Brilliant sphinx [moth]
94.Ouré, or OuraulaPalinurus, (crustac.)
61.Ouriou-Riou, or RiouriouʻO LiholihoName of the present King
65.Pahpā₃ ('pearl shell hook')Fish-hook
183.Païtouïtouïpāʻū ('skirt') kuʻikuʻi ('joined') kuikui ('strung together')Waist-cloth of a woman
134.PakapakaTobacco
32.Pané-Pané or aïpaninpai, aiSexual connection
200.Paoupahu ('box, trunk')Trunk
109.Papaïpāpapa ('coral reef')Small coral
135.Papaïépapaia (hēʻī, mikana)Papay-tree
30.PapakourépāpākolePosteriors
64.PaparépāpaleHat
15.Paparénapāpālina ('cheek')Neck
67.PapipipāpipiFruit of a cactus
182.ParorokāloloA liquor for rubbing the hair
171.PéapeʻaSail
185.Péaï, or Léourou, or MahouroupeʻahiFan
16.PéïahouhpepeiaoEar
160.PékékéoupekekeuWing
173.Pépéïahoupapa ___ hoePlank where the rowers sits
22.pico or picoupikoNavel
103.Pinahoupinao ('dragonfly')Libellula
82.Pinaounaonao ('ant')Myrmeleon [ant lion]
41.Piréhou? pili ___Middle-finger
42.PiripiliRing-Finger
149.PiripiliFine straw which covers the cabins
178.PoapūMelon
190.Poachou or PoatupōhakuStone hammer
155.PoépoiGround taro
34.Poë-hépoʻēʻēArmpit
1.Po-hopoʻoHead
51.Poho-oua-ouaïpoho wāwaeSole of the foot
38.Pohorimapoho limaPalm of the hand
24.Poivi or Pouarépoʻohiwi, ___Shoulder
104.PoupūDolium, univalve shell
77.Pou. The animal Io-Poupū, ʻiʻo pūLarge Vice, (shell)
194.PouapuaArrow
105.PouéhoupueoOwl
78.Poulépi or Réo ipūleho, leho ('cowrie')Cypraea [cowrie]
66.Poumahpuna₂ ('coral, lime, plaster, whitewash')Chalk
84.PoupoupūpūBulimus, univalve shell
162.PoupouapuapuaTail
52.Poupou-oua-ouaïpuʻupuʻu wāwaeAnkle
123.Raou-ahoulauhauYellow chetodon [butterfly fish]
54.Riké-riké___Toe
39.Rima Nouhilima nuiThumb
33.Rima-RimalimalimaArm
92.RimoulimuA new Polyupus, with tubes pierced at the end
5.RiriilihilihiEye-lashes
70.Roré? loleString by which it is fixed to the wrist
72.RoréloleFemale apparel
99.Rouhi___Small yellowish woodpecker
83.Tanacapa___Ichneumon [fly]
110.TaokaoGoat
128.Taoutilau kī ('ti leaf')Leaves of the tree, from whose root ava is made
204.Ti-ia anéanékīʻaha anianiCup
132.Titiikikiki ('small ʻōpakapaka')Chetodon, with yellow and black stripes
147.To or TohoukōSugar cane
174.ToakoaPrincipal part of the canoe
193.Toaïékoaiʻe ('type of tree like koa') kakaka ('bow')Bow
136.ToauroulouluFern palm-tree
111.ToroakoloaDuck
69.Toua-o, or Pipépi___, pipipiCerithium, shell of which bracelets are made
168.Touno? nohona waʻaBenches for the rowers
169.Touno-toé___ hoePaddle
181.TourinakūlinaMaize
161.VavaiwāwaeFoot or claw
165.Véri-Vériwelowelo ('float'), weliweli ('dreadful')Float

REFERENCES

Arago, Jacques. 1823. Narrative of a Voyage Round the World in the Uranie and Physicienne Corvettes, commanded by Captain Freycinet, during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820 ... London: Treuttel and Wurtz. Reprinted in 1971 as Bibliotheca Australiana no. 45, New York: Da Capo. xxx, 285, 297, [2]. [Translation from the French original. Vocabulary of 236 words and some brief notes on consonant alternation, pp. 291–94.]

Arago, Jacques. 1839–1840. Souvenirs d’un aveugle. Voyage autour du monde par m. J. Arago, ouvrage enrichi de soixante dessins et de notes scientifiques. 5 vols. Paris: Hortet et Ozanne. [Duplicates the list found in the the 1823 publication, v. 4, pp. 402–10.]

Hawaiian-English      concordance      English-Hawaiian      
introduction    counts    index    reverse index    references    topical