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The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

Joseph P. Gaimard and Jacques Arago's List
(1819)

The Uranie, a French ship commanded by Capt. Louis de Freycinet, was engaged in an exploring and scientific voyage, the principal object of which "…was the investigation of the figure of the earth, and of the elements of terrestrial magnetism ...". It arrived in Hawaii on August 8, 1819 and left August 30. Jacques Arago held the position of draftsman on the voyage.

In his narrative, Arago included a note of appreciation for Joseph P. Gaimard, "second surgeon" aboard the Uranie, that justifies including him not only a co-author, but as one who deserves first billing for the linguistic material. About ten years later, Gaimard was a member of the Dumont d'Urville expedition, again collecting words from Pacific languages.

adapted from Albert J. Schütz, "Voices of Eden" pp. 38-39.

analyzed and annotated by Albert J. Schütz

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist gloss
54.Riké-riké___Toe
59.Mané éhï___Fifth-toe
68.Kenou___Canoe
83.Tanacapa___Ichneumon [fly]
99.Rouhi___Small yellowish woodpecker
108.Kakiki___Cypraea [cowrie]
138.Ioa___Double canoe
188.Makaou___Grape
101.Ha-aʻāʻā ('booby bird')Brown Albatross
88.AhamahʻaʻamaBrown crab with some white points
175.AaʻahaCord which fastens the pieces of the canoe
216.A-haʻahāFour
191.AïahiFire
219.Aïkon* or Aïton*ʻahikuSeven
*231 Aïkou Kanaa)
231.Aïkou Kanaaʻahiku kanahāSeventy
19.Aï, Pouhahior, or Nihouʻāʻī, pūʻāʻīNeck
221.AïwaʻaiwaNine
233.Aïva Kanaaʻaiwa kanahāNinety
213.Ahaï or AtaïʻakahiOne
167.AtéaʻākeaTransom, large knee, or piece of wood which terminates each extremity of the canoe
215.AcorouʻakoluThree
192.Agounigouniʻākulikuli kula ('purslane')Purslain
102.AraïʻalaeWater-hen
14.AréroualeloTongue
150.Aré-Taméhaméhaaliʻi KamahamehaPowder-box
*)
62.Erinouhialiʻi nuiKing
217.ArimaʻalimaFive
210.Aloa or Aro-haalohaGood-day; I love you well
214.ArouaʻaluaTwo
229.Aroua Kanaaʻalua kanahāFifty
166.AounoamaCurved pieces, which sustain the float abaft
35.Aï Rima? ʻami limaElbow-joint, bend of the arm
129.AnouénouéānuenueRainbow
180.AhoréʻaʻoleNo I won't
218.AonoʻaonoSix
230.Aono Kanaaʻaono kanahāSixty
211.AboboʻapōpōTo-morrow
126.Aourimaʻau limaPiece of wood to rub with
125.AouracʻaunakiPiece of wood to light the fire
18.Aouhé or Aou-aiʻauwaeChin
220.A-ouarouʻawaluEight
232.A-Ouarou Kanaaʻawalu kanahāEighty
36.Akarimaʻeke ('shrink') lima ('hand')Fist
96.Erérpiʻelelū ('cockroach')Xakerlat
100.ErépéïoʻelepaioGnat-catcher, spotted black and white, brown back
95.ErépiʻelepīBrown crab
122.Aounonouhienenue ('pilot fish')Balistes niger
93.AdodouéhākuʻekuʻeSmall black sea-egg (echinus atratus)
74.AoukéoukéhāʻukeʻukeSea-egg with points
120.A-ourou-ourouhāʻulaʻula ('reddish')Reddish labrus
156.Oiaou or Atoua? heiau, akuaPlaces where hogs, bananas, & c. are
130.IrouhiluLabrus, with a blackish dorsal fin
113.Inaréa noucoeirihīnālea nuku ʻiʻiwi ('wrasse')Fistularia tabaccaria (fish)
169.Touno-toé___ hoePaddle
26.Oé-OéhoehoeShoulderblade
189.Okéou inaïhōkeo ___ inuCovered calebash
71.Créahouaré___ huali ('shining ___')Ring
131.Ouralhulali ('sea cucumber')A fish, with a flat head
140.EaouʻiakoStraight cross pieces
186.Eiéhe iʻePiece of wood with which they beat the bark of the paper mulberry tree to make cloth
184.Iéʻie ('a vine')*Helmet of a warrior from the Sandwich Islands
*perhaps woven into shape for a helmet
7.IouihuNose
63.AïpouipuCalebash
143.EbouipuVases made of calebashes
172.EbouipuCalebash to bail out water
153.Ipou-o-kio-kioipu hōkiokioMusical instrument made of the calebash
154.Ipoutou-lavé? ipu kuha lawe ('gourd spit take')Spitting box
27.IbikoumoiwikuamoʻoBackbone
25.IviréïiwileiCollarbone
212.Cacaou or TataoukākauTattooing
116.KarakalaNaso, with a white border
182.ParorokāloloA liquor for rubbing the hair
228.KanaakanahāForty
227.kanakoronakanakoluThirty
226.KanarouakanaluaTwenty
*iwakālua today
110.TaokaoGoat
49.Kapouaï-oua-ouaïkapuaʻi ('foot sole, foot print')Foot
204.Ti-ia anéanékīʻaha anianiCup
146.Akiékiʻekiʻe ('tall')Tail
29.Kikar'kīkalaLumbar region
132.Titiikikiki ('small ʻōpakapaka')Chetodon, with yellow and black stripes
147.To or TohoukōSugar cane
174.ToakoaPrincipal part of the canoe
137.Koahoukoa, koaiʻaLarge tree, with yellow blossoms
193.Toaïékoaiʻe ('type of tree like koa') kakaka ('bow')Bow
31.KoékohePrivate parts of a female
87.KoréakōleaSnipe
98.Coréa Ouririkōlea ʻuliliBird of the Hymantopus species, with a long greyish bill
111.ToroakoloaDuck
207.CoKū₁₀First day of the month
187.Ek-kouahe kuaWood on which it [kapa] is beat
37.Kouarimakua limaBack of the hand
28.Kioua or Kouamokua, kuamoʻoBack
50.Okoua-oua-ouaïkuʻe wāwaeInstep
60.Koué-KouékuʻekuʻeElbow
53.Kasué-kaué-ouaouakuʻekuʻe wāwaeHeel
4.KouamakakuʻemakaEye-brow
142.CoucouïkukuiA kind of fruit which tastes like rancid or rotten nuts
46.KourikuliKnee
181.TourinakūlinaMaize
2.La-hélaeForehead
201.Lapalapalapalapa ('many ridged')Square bottle
128.Taoutilau kī ('ti leaf')Leaves of the tree, from whose root ava is made
123.Raou-ahoulauhauYellow chetodon [butterfly fish]
10.Léréeh or LérichleheleheLips
152.Léhi-halalei halaNecklace made of the fruit of the Pandanus
5.RiriilihilihiEye-lashes
43.Limeïkilima ikiLittle finger
39.Rima Nouhilima nuiThumb
33.Rima-RimalimalimaArm
40.Mekipoïlimameke poi / miki poiFore-finger
92.RimoulimuA new Polyupus, with tubes pierced at the end
70.Roré? loleString by which it is fixed to the wrist
72.RoréloleFemale apparel
136.ToauroulouluFern palm-tree
206.Ma aïna, or Taïromahina, kāʻeloMonth
44.Maïo-houmaiʻao, māiʻuʻuNail
114.Maï-iimāʻiʻiʻi ('surgeonfish')Balistes
208.MeïtéïmaikaʻiGood: it is well: it is good
3.MakamakaEye
205.MakaïlémakahikiYear
179.MacanamakanaAny present
115.Marémale ('young uhu')Blackish labrus
151.MaromaloGirdle
124.Mamamohmamamo ('sergeant fish')Chetodon, with black vertical stripes
195.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Arrow-head
*parhaps used for this thing
196.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Great spear
*parhaps used for this thing
157.MamomamoCrown of yellow feathers
56.Mana-mana-nouïmanamana nuiSecond-toe
75.Manana or Maïamanana ('sweet potato'), maiʻaBanana
85.ManoumanuBird
148.Mahoumauʻu ('grass')Sea-weed
118.Orouma Mahaouvetamoano, weke ('goatfish')Elegant labrus, with a red stripe, bordered with violet on each side; reddish candal fin
198.MouhénamoenaMat
81.MohomoʻoGecko, species of lizard
82.Pinaounaonao ('ant')Myrmeleon [ant lion]
117.NéhounehuSmall silver fish
11.Niou or NiohounihoTooth
12.Niou ririniholiʻiliʻi ('small tooth') niho ʻaki ('incisors')Incisors
13.Niou noui or kouiniho nui / kuʻiGrinder
141.Néhou or NihouniuCocoa-nut tree
199.NoonohoBench
168.Touno? nohona waʻaBenches for the rowers
57.Manéa nouï___ nuiThird-toe
58.Manéa nouï___ nuiFourth-toe
158.nocounukuNeak
112.Nounounūnū₃ ('trumpet fish')Syngnathus [seaweed pipefish]
61.Ouriou-Riou, or RiouriouʻO LiholihoName of the present King
73.Ouaïtaï nouʻo wai ka inoaWhat is the name of that?
177.EeiahʻōhiʻaTomato or love-apple
139.Oïaʻōhiʻa ('type of wood')Cross pieces, arched, which unite the double canoes
145.OoohoHair
80.Oé-aïʻōkaʻi ('moth')Sphinx [hawk moth]
79.OhourépiʻōlepeBivalve ridgy shell
144.OronaolonāSmall cord
48.Orou-OrouʻoloʻoloCalf of the leg
202.OmoréʻōmoleRound bottle
203.Omoré anéanéʻōmole anianiWhite chrystal decanter
6.Onoe, or Onoiʻōnohi ('eyeball') ʻūpoʻi maka ('eyelid')Eye-lid
97.O-OuʻōʻōSparrow, with yellow head
121.Obouéʻoʻopu hue ('balloon fish')Large fish of Owhyhee
91.ObibiʻōpihiPatella
21.Opou or ObouʻōpūBelly
163.OpouhouʻōpūBelly
119.Opouréʻōpule ('wrasse')Labrus, with white spots
65.Pahpā₃ ('pearl shell hook')Fish-hook
200.Paoupahu ('box, trunk')Trunk
134.PakapakaTobacco
32.Pané-Pané or aïpaninpai, aiSexual connection
173.Pépéïahoupapa ___ hoePlank where the rowers sits
135.Papaïépapaia (hēʻī, mikana)Papay-tree
30.PapakourépāpākolePosteriors
64.PaparépāpaleHat
15.Paparénapāpālina ('cheek')Neck
109.Papaïpāpapa ('coral reef')Small coral
67.PapipipāpipiFruit of a cactus
183.Païtouïtouïpāʻū ('skirt') kuʻikuʻi ('joined') kuikui ('strung together')Waist-cloth of a woman
171.PéapeʻaSail
185.Péaï, or Léourou, or MahouroupeʻahiFan
160.PékékéoupekekeuWing
16.PéïahouhpepeiaoEar
22.pico or picoupikoNavel
42.PiripiliRing-Finger
149.PiripiliFine straw which covers the cabins
41.Piréhou? pili ___Middle-finger
103.Pinahoupinao ('dragonfly')Libellula
69.Toua-o, or Pipépi___, pipipiCerithium, shell of which bracelets are made
34.Poë-hépoʻēʻēArmpit
190.Poachou or PoatupōhakuStone hammer
38.Pohorimapoho limaPalm of the hand
51.Poho-oua-ouaïpoho wāwaeSole of the foot
155.PoépoiGround taro
89.Corérévas? pololiaSea-blubber [jellyfish]
1.Po-hopoʻoHead
24.Poivi or Pouarépoʻohiwi, ___Shoulder
170.Ohoupou, kiaMast
104.PoupūDolium, univalve shell
178.PoapūMelon
77.Pou. The animal Io-Poupū, ʻiʻo pūLarge Vice, (shell)
194.PouapuaArrow
162.PoupouapuapuaTail
105.PouéhoupueoOwl
8.Ouka ioupuka ihuNostril
78.Poulépi or Réo ipūleho, leho ('cowrie')Cypraea [cowrie]
106.Oura-Louapulelehua ('butterfly')Brilliant sphinx [moth]
66.Poumahpuna₂ ('coral, lime, plaster, whitewash')Chalk
84.PoupoupūpūBulimus, univalve shell
52.Poupou-oua-ouaïpuʻupuʻu wāwaeAnkle
45.OuhaʻūhāThigh
107.Ou nihiʻūhiniGrasshopper
90.AounouïuhuBalistes [triggerfish or file fish]
94.Ouré, or OuraulaPalinurus, (crustac.)
76.Ouraula ('lobster')Banina serrata (crustac.)
197.Ouléi, Toaïéʻūlei, koaiʻePointed stick like a spindle,used at a game
176.OulouʻuluBread-fruit tree
20.Oumouma or OumaoumaumaumaBreast
164.Ouma-oumaumaumaBreast
222.Oumiʻumiten
223.Oumi Koumou Makaïʻumi kumamākahiEleven
225.Oumi Koumou Macorou, & c.ʻumi kumamākoluThirteen
224.Oumi Koumou Marouaʻumi kumamāluaTwelve
17.Oumi-oumihʻumiʻumiBeard
127.Aoupéna? ʻupena ('net')Thread which serves as tow
9.Oua-hawahaMouth
159.Oua-hawahaTongue of a bird
209.OuaïnéwahineWoman
23.Oua-hiouwaiūBreast
86.OuanawanaSea-egg
133.OuahoukéwaukePaper mulberry
47.Ouha-OuhaïwāwaeLeg
161.VavaiwāwaeFoot or claw
55.Oua-oua-nouïwāwae nuiGreat-toe
165.Véri-Vériwelowelo ('float'), weliweli ('dreadful')Float

REFERENCES

Arago, Jacques. 1823. Narrative of a Voyage Round the World in the Uranie and Physicienne Corvettes, commanded by Captain Freycinet, during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820 ... London: Treuttel and Wurtz. Reprinted in 1971 as Bibliotheca Australiana no. 45, New York: Da Capo. xxx, 285, 297, [2]. [Translation from the French original. Vocabulary of 236 words and some brief notes on consonant alternation, pp. 291–94.]

Arago, Jacques. 1839–1840. Souvenirs d’un aveugle. Voyage autour du monde par m. J. Arago, ouvrage enrichi de soixante dessins et de notes scientifiques. 5 vols. Paris: Hortet et Ozanne. [Duplicates the list found in the the 1823 publication, v. 4, pp. 402–10.]

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