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The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

Joseph P. Gaimard and Jacques Arago's List
(1819)

The Uranie, a French ship commanded by Capt. Louis de Freycinet, was engaged in an exploring and scientific voyage, the principal object of which "…was the investigation of the figure of the earth, and of the elements of terrestrial magnetism ...". It arrived in Hawaii on August 8, 1819 and left August 30. Jacques Arago held the position of draftsman on the voyage.

In his narrative, Arago included a note of appreciation for Joseph P. Gaimard, "second surgeon" aboard the Uranie, that justifies including him not only a co-author, but as one who deserves first billing for the linguistic material. About ten years later, Gaimard was a member of the Dumont d'Urville expedition, again collecting words from Pacific languages.

adapted from Albert J. Schütz, "Voices of Eden" pp. 38-39.

analyzed and annotated by Albert J. Schütz

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist gloss
101.Ha-aʻāʻā ('booby bird')Brown Albatross
52.Poupou-oua-ouaïpuʻupuʻu wāwaeAnkle
82.Pinaounaonao ('ant')Myrmeleon [ant lion]
72.RoréloleFemale apparel
33.Rima-RimalimalimaArm
34.Poë-hépoʻēʻēArmpit
194.PouapuaArrow
195.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Arrow-head
*parhaps used for this thing
28.Kioua or Kouamokua, kuamoʻoBack
27.IbikoumoiwikuamoʻoBackbone
90.AounouïuhuBalistes [triggerfish or file fish]
114.Maï-iimāʻiʻiʻi ('surgeonfish')Balistes
122.Aounonouhienenue ('pilot fish')Balistes niger
75.Manana or Maïamanana ('sweet potato'), maiʻaBanana
76.Ouraula ('lobster')Banina serrata (crustac.)
17.Oumi-oumihʻumiʻumiBeard
21.Opou or ObouʻōpūBelly
163.OpouhouʻōpūBelly
199.NoonohoBench
168.Touno? nohona waʻaBenches for the rowers
85.ManoumanuBird
98.Coréa Ouririkōlea ʻuliliBird of the Hymantopus species, with a long greyish bill
79.OhourépiʻōlepeBivalve ridgy shell
201.Lapalapalapalapa ('many ridged')Square bottle
193.Toaïékoaiʻe ('type of tree like koa') kakaka ('bow')Bow
176.OulouʻuluBread-fruit tree
20.Oumouma or OumaoumaumaumaBreast
23.Oua-hiouwaiūBreast
164.Ouma-oumaumaumaBreast
67.PapipipāpipiFruit of a cactus
63.AïpouipuCalebash
172.EbouipuCalebash to bail out water
189.Okéou inaïhōkeo ___ inuCovered calebash
143.EbouipuVases made of calebashes
48.Orou-OrouʻoloʻoloCalf of the leg
68.Kenou___Canoe
138.Ioa___Double canoe
174.ToakoaPrincipal part of the canoe
66.Poumahpuna₂ ('coral, lime, plaster, whitewash')Chalk
124.Mamamohmamamo ('sergeant fish')Chetodon, with black vertical stripes
132.Titiikikiki ('small ʻōpakapaka')Chetodon, with yellow and black stripes
18.Aouhé or Aou-aiʻauwaeChin
141.Néhou or NihouniuCocoa-nut tree
25.IviréïiwileiCollarbone
109.Papaïpāpapa ('coral reef')Small coral
144.OronaolonāSmall cord
175.AaʻahaCord which fastens the pieces of the canoe
78.Poulépi or Réo ipūleho, leho ('cowrie')Cypraea [cowrie]
108.Kakiki___Cypraea [cowrie]
88.AhamahʻaʻamaBrown crab with some white points
95.ErépiʻelepīBrown crab
139.Oïaʻōhiʻa ('type of wood')Cross pieces, arched, which unite the double canoes
140.EaouʻiakoStraight cross pieces
157.MamomamoCrown of yellow feathers
94.Ouré, or OuraulaPalinurus, (crustac.)
204.Ti-ia anéanékīʻaha anianiCup
207.CoKū₁₀First day of the month
203.Omoré anéanéʻōmole anianiWhite chrystal decanter
111.ToroakoloaDuck
16.PéïahouhpepeiaoEar
220.A-ouarouʻawaluEight
232.A-Ouarou Kanaaʻawalu kanahāEighty
35.Aï Rima? ʻami limaElbow-joint, bend of the arm
60.Koué-KouékuʻekuʻeElbow
223.Oumi Koumou Makaïʻumi kumamākahiEleven
3.MakamakaEye
4.KouamakakuʻemakaEye-brow
5.RiriilihilihiEye-lashes
6.Onoe, or Onoiʻōnohi ('eyeball') ʻūpoʻi maka ('eyelid')Eye-lid
185.Péaï, or Léourou, or MahouroupeʻahiFan
31.KoékohePrivate parts of a female
136.ToauroulouluFern palm-tree
229.Aroua Kanaaʻalua kanahāFifty
41.Piréhou? pili ___Middle-finger
42.PiripiliRing-Finger
43.Limeïkilima ikiLittle finger
191.AïahiFire
113.Inaréa noucoeirihīnālea nuku ʻiʻiwi ('wrasse')Fistularia tabaccaria (fish)
117.NéhounehuSmall silver fish
121.Obouéʻoʻopu hue ('balloon fish')Large fish of Owhyhee
123.Raou-ahoulauhauYellow chetodon [butterfly fish]
131.Ouralhulali ('sea cucumber')A fish, with a flat head
65.Pahpā₃ ('pearl shell hook')Fish-hook
36.Akarimaʻeke ('shrink') lima ('hand')Fist
217.ArimaʻalimaFive
165.Véri-Vériwelowelo ('float'), weliweli ('dreadful')Float
166.AounoamaCurved pieces, which sustain the float abaft
83.Tanacapa___Ichneumon [fly]
49.Kapouaï-oua-ouaïkapuaʻi ('foot sole, foot print')Foot
51.Poho-oua-ouaïpoho wāwaeSole of the foot
161.VavaiwāwaeFoot or claw
40.Mekipoïlimameke poi / miki poiFore-finger
2.La-hélaeForehead
228.KanaakanahāForty
216.A-haʻahāFour
142.CoucouïkukuiA kind of fruit which tastes like rancid or rotten nuts
151.MaromaloGirdle
100.ErépéïoʻelepaioGnat-catcher, spotted black and white, brown back
110.TaokaoGoat
208.MeïtéïmaikaʻiGood: it is well: it is good
210.Aloa or Aro-haalohaGood-day; I love you well
188.Makaou___Grape
107.Ou nihiʻūhiniGrasshopper
13.Niou noui or kouiniho nui / kuʻiGrinder
145.OoohoHair
37.Kouarimakua limaBack of the hand
64.PaparépāpaleHat
1.Po-hopoʻoHead
53.Kasué-kaué-ouaouakuʻekuʻe wāwaeHeel
184.Iéʻie ('a vine')*Helmet of a warrior from the Sandwich Islands
*perhaps woven into shape for a helmet
12.Niou ririniholiʻiliʻi ('small tooth') niho ʻaki ('incisors')Incisors
50.Okoua-oua-ouaïkuʻe wāwaeInstep
89.Corérévas? pololiaSea-blubber [jellyfish]
61.Ouriou-Riou, or RiouriouʻO LiholihoName of the present King
62.Erinouhialiʻi nuiKing
46.KourikuliKnee
115.Marémale ('young uhu')Blackish labrus
118.Orouma Mahaouvetamoano, weke ('goatfish')Elegant labrus, with a red stripe, bordered with violet on each side; reddish candal fin
119.Opouréʻōpule ('wrasse')Labrus, with white spots
120.A-ourou-ourouhāʻulaʻula ('reddish')Reddish labrus
130.IrouhiluLabrus, with a blackish dorsal fin
128.Taoutilau kī ('ti leaf')Leaves of the tree, from whose root ava is made
47.Ouha-OuhaïwāwaeLeg
103.Pinahoupinao ('dragonfly')Libellula
10.Léréeh or LérichleheleheLips
182.ParorokāloloA liquor for rubbing the hair
81.MohomoʻoGecko, species of lizard
29.Kikar'kīkalaLumbar region
181.TourinakūlinaMaize
170.Ohoupou, kiaMast
198.MouhénamoenaMat
178.PoapūMelon
206.Ma aïna, or Taïromahina, kāʻeloMonth
80.Oé-aïʻōkaʻi ('moth')Sphinx [hawk moth]
9.Oua-hawahaMouth
133.OuahoukéwaukePaper mulberry
153.Ipou-o-kio-kioipu hōkiokioMusical instrument made of the calebash
44.Maïo-houmaiʻao, māiʻuʻuNail
73.Ouaïtaï nouʻo wai ka inoaWhat is the name of that?
116.KarakalaNaso, with a white border
22.pico or picoupikoNavel
158.nocounukuNeak
15.Paparénapāpālina ('cheek')Neck
19.Aï, Pouhahior, or Nihouʻāʻī, pūʻāʻīNeck
152.Léhi-halalei halaNecklace made of the fruit of the Pandanus
221.AïwaʻaiwaNine
233.Aïva Kanaaʻaiwa kanahāNinety
180.AhoréʻaʻoleNo I won't
7.IouihuNose
8.Ouka ioupuka ihuNostril
213.Ahaï or AtaïʻakahiOne
105.PouéhoupueoOwl
169.Touno-toé___ hoePaddle
38.Pohorimapoho limaPalm of the hand
135.Papaïépapaia (hēʻī, mikana)Papay-tree
91.ObibiʻōpihiPatella
112.Nounounūnū₃ ('trumpet fish')Syngnathus [seaweed pipefish]
156.Oiaou or Atoua? heiau, akuaPlaces where hogs, bananas, & c. are
173.Pépéïahoupapa ___ hoePlank where the rowers sits
92.RimoulimuA new Polyupus, with tubes pierced at the end
30.PapakourépāpākolePosteriors
150.Aré-Taméhaméhaaliʻi KamahamehaPowder-box
*)
179.MacanamakanaAny present
192.Agounigouniʻākulikuli kula ('purslane')Purslain
129.AnouénouéānuenueRainbow
71.Créahouaré___ huali ('shining ___')Ring
202.OmoréʻōmoleRound bottle
171.PéapeʻaSail
74.AoukéoukéhāʻukeʻukeSea-egg with points
86.OuanawanaSea-egg
93.AdodouéhākuʻekuʻeSmall black sea-egg (echinus atratus)
148.Mahoumauʻu ('grass')Sea-weed
219.Aïkon* or Aïton*ʻahikuSeven
*231 Aïkou Kanaa)
231.Aïkou Kanaaʻahiku kanahāSeventy
32.Pané-Pané or aïpaninpai, aiSexual connection
69.Toua-o, or Pipépi___, pipipiCerithium, shell of which bracelets are made
77.Pou. The animal Io-Poupū, ʻiʻo pūLarge Vice, (shell)
84.PoupoupūpūBulimus, univalve shell
104.PoupūDolium, univalve shell
24.Poivi or Pouarépoʻohiwi, ___Shoulder
26.Oé-OéhoehoeShoulderblade
218.AonoʻaonoSix
230.Aono Kanaaʻaono kanahāSixty
87.KoréakōleaSnipe
97.O-OuʻōʻōSparrow, with yellow head
196.Mamanémāmane ('hard wood')*Great spear
*parhaps used for this thing
106.Oura-Louapulelehua ('butterfly')Brilliant sphinx [moth]
154.Ipoutou-lavé? ipu kuha lawe ('gourd spit take')Spitting box
197.Ouléi, Toaïéʻūlei, koaiʻePointed stick like a spindle,used at a game
190.Poachou or PoatupōhakuStone hammer
149.PiripiliFine straw which covers the cabins
70.Roré? loleString by which it is fixed to the wrist
147.To or TohoukōSugar cane
146.Akiékiʻekiʻe ('tall')Tail
162.PoupouapuapuaTail
155.PoépoiGround taro
212.Cacaou or TataoukākauTattooing
222.Oumiʻumiten
45.OuhaʻūhāThigh
225.Oumi Koumou Macorou, & c.ʻumi kumamākoluThirteen
227.kanakoronakanakoluThirty
127.Aoupéna? ʻupena ('net')Thread which serves as tow
215.AcorouʻakoluThree
39.Rima Nouhilima nuiThumb
134.PakapakaTobacco
54.Riké-riké___Toe
55.Oua-oua-nouïwāwae nuiGreat-toe
56.Mana-mana-nouïmanamana nuiSecond-toe
57.Manéa nouï___ nuiThird-toe
58.Manéa nouï___ nuiFourth-toe
59.Mané éhï___Fifth-toe
177.EeiahʻōhiʻaTomato or love-apple
211.AboboʻapōpōTo-morrow
14.AréroualeloTongue
159.Oua-hawahaTongue of a bird
11.Niou or NiohounihoTooth
167.AtéaʻākeaTransom, large knee, or piece of wood which terminates each extremity of the canoe
137.Koahoukoa, koaiʻaLarge tree, with yellow blossoms
200.Paoupahu ('box, trunk')Trunk
224.Oumi Koumou Marouaʻumi kumamāluaTwelve
226.KanarouakanaluaTwenty
*iwakālua today
214.ArouaʻaluaTwo
183.Païtouïtouïpāʻū ('skirt') kuʻikuʻi ('joined') kuikui ('strung together')Waist-cloth of a woman
102.AraïʻalaeWater-hen
160.PékékéoupekekeuWing
209.OuaïnéwahineWoman
125.AouracʻaunakiPiece of wood to light the fire
126.Aourimaʻau limaPiece of wood to rub with
186.Eiéhe iʻePiece of wood with which they beat the bark of the paper mulberry tree to make cloth
187.Ek-kouahe kuaWood on which it [kapa] is beat
99.Rouhi___Small yellowish woodpecker
96.Erérpiʻelelū ('cockroach')Xakerlat
205.MakaïlémakahikiYear

REFERENCES

Arago, Jacques. 1823. Narrative of a Voyage Round the World in the Uranie and Physicienne Corvettes, commanded by Captain Freycinet, during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820 ... London: Treuttel and Wurtz. Reprinted in 1971 as Bibliotheca Australiana no. 45, New York: Da Capo. xxx, 285, 297, [2]. [Translation from the French original. Vocabulary of 236 words and some brief notes on consonant alternation, pp. 291–94.]

Arago, Jacques. 1839–1840. Souvenirs d’un aveugle. Voyage autour du monde par m. J. Arago, ouvrage enrichi de soixante dessins et de notes scientifiques. 5 vols. Paris: Hortet et Ozanne. [Duplicates the list found in the the 1823 publication, v. 4, pp. 402–10.]

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