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The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

J.S.C. Dumont d’Urville's List
(1834)

Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer, naval officer and rear admiral, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. He visited the Pacific on a voyage round the world in 1826-1829, and published a comparative study of six Austronesian languages: Malagasy, Malay, Māori, Tongan, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, using predominately published sources. The following is a translation of the section regarding Hawaiian in the text accompanying his Vocabulary:
Our resources for the dialect of Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands were much more limited. We had to content ourselves with what we found in Anderson's vocabulary, and a number of words collected and disclosed by Mr. Gaimard. In poring carefully over the narration of Ellis on his stay in Hawaii, we were able to add another hundred of so words to the first list, and to verify those from other sources.1

(1Not long ago we were shown a fairly extensive Hawaiian vocabulary, but we were not allowed to make use of it, which would have otherwise allowed us to complete the Hawaiian list in our comparative vocabulary. This is all the more unfortunate because the person who collected the vocabulary does not seem willing to publish it himself. So we must therefore wait until the English Missionaries finally provide what they have long promised.)

"Observations on the dialects of the Polynesian Language", pp. 265-66. (original text below)

analyzed and annotated by Laiana Wong

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist glossFrench
64.AboboʻapōpōtomorrowDomain
243.Ahai ahaiahiahieveningSoir
135.Aheneïaʻe nei ('just-(in time)')now, present, at the momentMaintenant
92.AhiahifireFeu
117.AhoaodayJour
159.Ahouʻahu, ʻaʻahumat, mattingNatte
49.AïʻāʻīneckCou
180.AïʻaeyesOui
120.AieihespearLance, pique
67.Ake, makeake, makedesireDésirer
70.AkouaakuagodDieu
245.Ana, kanaāna, kānahisSon, sien
98.Anou, hokeka, toeanu, ___, koʻecoldFroid
167.Aoe, aoreʻaʻohe, ʻaʻoleno, negationNon, négation
62.Apa? hape ('mistake' Maori)fault, errorDéfaut
141.Apa? ʻapa ('to delay, waste time')to miss, to fail, to go wrongManquer
222.Ape, taroʻape ('taro-like plant'), kaloArum rootRacine d'Arum
231.Ara nouï, alaalanui, alaroadRoute
17.Ariaaliato waitAttendre
6.Arohaalohalike, loveAimer
227.Ataʻalato laughRire
16.Atira? a kena ('until quenched')enoughAssez
202.Aweuēto weep, to moanPleurer, gémir
251.BouoapūʻoʻatombTombe
68.Diro, raroi lalounderDessous
164.Ere ere, eleleʻeleʻeleblackNoir
122.Ererouelelo, alelotongueLangue
39.Eri, alihi, kanakiraaliʻi, ___high chiefChef, grand
219.HaahāfourQuatre
3.HahahanaactionAction
90.Hahahanato act, to doFaire, agir
263.HaïʻaifoodstuffsVivres
140.Haï, païnaʻai, pāʻinato eatManger
187.Halahalato depart, to be offPartir
2.Hanauhānaugive birthAccoucher
213.Haohaoto take, snatch, seizePrendre, saisir
136.Hare, halehalehouseMaison
123.He, keke, hethe, aLe, un
96.HehenahehenamadnessFou
248.Hena, honouaʻāina, honuaearth, groundTerre, terrain
9.Hereheleto goAller
252.HetirihekilithunderTonnerre
1.Hi, iito, towardA
144.Hinoʻinowicked, evil, badMéchant, mauvais
224.Hioreʻiolerat, mouseRat, souris
162.HiouihunoseNez
88.HitouhōkūstarÉtoile
240.HitouhikusevenSept
89.Ho orihaolestranger, foreignerÉtranger
185.Ho, oʻō ('to answer')particle corresponding to thisParticule répondant à c'est
250.Hoe, kauʻoe, kāu ('your')youToi, tu
113.Hohoʻōʻōcultivating toolInstrument pour la culture
35.HoïahoʻicertainlyCertainement
268.Hoouhoudrill, bore, augerVrille, foret
170.Hopouaʻōpuacloud, haze, mist, gloom, shadow, (dejection)Nuage
265.Horouaʻoluayou (two)Vous (duel)
139.Hou? waiūbreastMamelle
258.Hou maïhōʻea maito comeVenir
119.Hou, waïaū, waiūmilkLait
145.Houïhuimixture, mingling, blendingMélange
29.Hounahūnāto hideCacher
14.Houtihoutihukihukipull out, tear outArracher
210.HoutouʻukulousePou
57.I rotoi lokoin, insideDans, dedans
131.Ia, nanaia, nāna ('for or by him')him, heLui, il
50.IbouipucupCoupe, tasse
209.IbouipupotPot
207.IhaiʻafishPoisson
264.Ike, iteʻiketo seeVoir, aperce-voir
41.IlioʻīliodogChien
106.Ineineïi nehineiyesterdayHier
247.Inoʻinostorm, hurricaneTempête, ouragan
165.InoainoanameNom
25.Inouinuto drinkBoire
110.Iouneii ʻaneʻihereIci
189.IriʻiliskinPeau
161.IvaiwanineNeuf (nombre)
178.IviiwiboneOs
228.Kaha kaï, outakahakai, o ukashore, beachRivage, plage
82.Kaïkaï, tamakeiki, kamachildEnfant
169.Kakou, matoukākou, mākouwe (plural)Nous (pluriel)
94.Kama itikamaikisonFils
87.Kapakapafabric from bark of treeÉtoffe en écorce d'arbre
168.Kawa, mawakāua, māuawe, us (dual)Nous (duel)
48.Kinokinobody, trunkCorps, tronc
206.Koïra? ʻoipoint, pointedPointe, pointu
236.KokokokobloodSang
60.KoukūuprightDebout (être)
148.Kou, naaukoʻu, naʻumine, myMien, mon
12.Koumou? kumu ('base, bottom, source')anusAnus
40.La wouhou, oholauoho, ohohairCheveux
31.Laelaepromontory, headlandCap, pointe
72.Lehoulehuten thousandDix mille
134.Limalima, rimalimalima, limahandMain
99.Ma___palm leafFronde
76.Mahimaui ('bruise')painfulDouloureux, pénible
137.Mahimaʻiill, illnessMal, maladie
138.MahimaʻisickMalade
132.Mahina, maramamahina, malamamoonLune
27.Maï, taïmaikaʻigoodBon
176.MaïaomaiʻaofingernailOngles (de la main)
8.Makanimakaniair, windAir
241.Manaamana₇ ('a taboo house in a heiau')tomb, place to receive religious objects, altarSépulcre
226.Mango, manomanōsharkRequin
150.ManomanothousandMille
174.ManoumanubirdOiseau
158.Maoremaolinative, indigenousNatif, indigène
30.Mariemāliecalm, quietCalme
253.MariemālietranquilTranquille
32.Maromalo ('loincloth')beltCeinture
175.Maroumalushadow, shadeOmbre
173.Mata, kaonohimaka, ka ʻōnohieye, eyesOEil, yeux
193.Matahoumakaʻufear, faint heartedPeureux, lâche
259.Matani, makani, ahomakani, ahe, aho ('breath')wind, breezeVent
105.Matau, pamakau, pā ('pearl shell fishhook')hookHameçon
262.Matemakeface, countenanceVisage, figure
153.Mate, makemakedeadMort
42.MeameathingChose
36.Merimeleto singChanter
198.Mimimimito piss, to make waterPisser
225.Miri mirimilimilito look atRegarder
81.Mirou, akea___abode of happiness, Elysium, paradiseÉlysée, paradis
211.Moamoahen, fowlPoule
191.Modoua tanemakua kānefatherPère
147.Modoua vahinimakuahinemotherMère
75.Mohemoeto sleepDormir
128.Mohena, mohengamoenabed, sleeping matLit, natte pour dormir
125.MohomoʻolizardLézard
112.MokoumokuislandIle
152.MonamaunamountainMontagne, mont
46.NahonaʻauheartCoeur
183.Naïou, nawaï___perfume, odor, scentParfum
24.Nakea___white menBlancs (hommes)
154.NaronaloflyMouche
238.Naromaloʻodry, to drySec, sécher
108.Narounaluswell, surgeHoule
45.Niauniu / nīʻau ('midrib of frond')coconutCoco (noix)
65.NihiounihotoothDent
59.No, ono, oofDe
126.NoanoafreeLibre
15.NohonohositAsseoir(s')
77.Nolou nolounolunolusoftDoux
22.Nouïnuimuch, plenty, lotsBeaucoup
101.NouïnuibigGrand
69.Nouna, rounai lunaaboveDessus
73.Ohōto giveDonner
11.OhahoafriendAmi
19.OheʻohebambooBambou
181.OhehoepaddlePagaie
205.OhoohohairPoils
102.Ola, ouraola, hoʻōlato cureGuérir
74.Omaïhō maigive meDonne-moi
232.OneonesandSable
235.Oniani ('beckon')salute, bow, cheer, to wave to , hailSaluer
155.OnoʻonimovementMouvement
242.OnoonosixSix
269.Onohi (prunelle)ʻōnohieye, look, pupilYeux, regard
54.OpaïʻōpaecrabCrabe
260.OpouʻōpūbellyVentre
237.OraolahealthSanté, salut
184.OreroʻōlelospeakParler
51.OtiʻokicutCouper
157.OuʻauswimNager
192.Ou outou, itiʻuʻukusmall, tinyPetit, mince
203.OuauarainPluie
188.Ouharaʻualasweet potatoPatate douce
111.OuhiuhiyamIgname
216.Oukouukuprice, valuePrix, valeur
266.Oukouʻoukouyou (plural)Vous (pluriel)
208.Oumaumachest, breastPoitrine
55.Oumaï? imu, umu, ʻoma ('oven')cooking, kitchenCuisine
20.Oumi oumiʻumiʻumibeardBarbe
10.Ouna, ava___, ʻawabitterAmer
58.OurahuladanceDanse
230.Oura ouraʻulaʻularedRouge
190.OureulepenisPénis
204.Ourou manouhulu manufeatherPlume
71.Ourou, oumiʻumitenDix
56.OuwhaaʻūhāthighCuisse
18.Paha? paʻa*blindAveugle
*perhaps - paʻa ka maka 'shut, closed eyes'
194.PahapahaperhapsPeut-être
182.Pahoupahu ('box')palisade, fence inPalissade
201.Papapapaboard, plankPlanche
116.Papa ringapāpālinacheekJoue
37.PapalepāpalehatChapeau
156.Parapalaripe, to ripenMûr, mûrir
95.Pari, pa kawapali ('cliff'), pā ('enclosure') kaua ('war')fortress, strongForteresse, fort
239.PataïpaʻakaisaltSel
7.PelapēlāthusAinsi
177.Pepe idopepeiaoearOreille
21.Pepehipepehito beatBattre
4.PihipiliadhereAdhérer
166.PitopikonavelNombril
171.Popōnight, darknessNuit, ténèbres
85.Po ivipoʻohiwishoulderÉpaule
249.PohopoʻoheadTête
246.Ponoponosure, certainSûr, certain
261.Ponoponotruth, trueVérité, vrai
267.Ponoponotrue, exactVrai, exact
5.PororipōlolifamishedAffamé
215.Poulepuleto prayPrier
196.Poure? pali ('cliff, precipice')rock, high, steep cragPierre, rocher
172.Pouripouliobscure, darkObscur
254.Poutapukato cross, to go over or throughTraverser
256.Pouta, boukapukaholeTrou
244.Ra, lalāsunSoleil (lumière du)
34.Raaulau ('four hundred')one hundredCent
100.RaelaeforeheadFront
13.RahaulāʻautreeArbre
26.Rahaulāʻauwood, forestBois
151.Rahoi, dehoi? lahilahithin, slimMince
63.Rahoui, tabou? rāhui (Tah.), kapunot permittedDéfendu, non permis
163.Rana kira (vainqueur)lanakila (conqueror)noble, lordNoble, seigneur
43.Rani, lanilanisky, heavenCiel
93.RaulauleafFeuille
199.Rehaleʻato be pleased, to approve, acceptPlaire, agréer
200.RehaleʻapleasurePlaisir
212.RepolepodustPoussière
234.Repolepodirty, slovenly, untidySal, malpropre
52.Rere? lele ('jump, fly')to runCourir
83.Rere? lelerun away, escapeEnfuir(s')
121.RerouʻōlelolanguageLangage
44.RimalimafiveCinq
130.RoaloalongLong, étendu
80.Roheloheto listenÉcouter
84.Roheloheto hearEntendre
149.Rotolokomiddle, interiorMilieu, intérieur
66.RoualuatwoDeux
218.Roualuawell, pit, shaftPuits
233.Taboukapuholy, inviolableSacré, inviolable
217.Tabou, tafoukapuprohibitedProhibé, interdit
257.Tahi, kahikahioneUn
129.TahitiKahikifarLoin
214.Tahouna, kahounekahunapriest, who knowsPrêtre, qui sait
146.Taï, kaï mitikai, kai miki ('receding sea')seaMer
107.Tanata, kanakakanakamanHomme
143.TanekānehusbandMari
160.Tapakapabark matNatte en écorce
103.Tawakaua ('war') / koa ('warrior')warriorGuerrier
133.Tawakauato fight againstLutter, combattre
220.Te tahikekahia few, someoneQuelque, quelqu'un
179.Tehea___ heawhere?Où?
97.Teïna, touanakaina, kuaʻanabrotherFrère
23.Teou teou, keo keo, keakeʻokeʻowhiteBlanc
33.TerakēlāthatCela
118.Terera? ma laila, kēlā ('that')thereLà
223.Tikī ('ti plant')Dracaena rootRacine de Dracaena
53.Tipi? kipi ('to dig with sharp tool')knifeCouteau
104.TohikoʻiaxHache, herminette
255.ToroukoluthreeTrois
124.Toukūstand upLever (se)
47.TourakaularopeCorde
197.Vahawaʻacanoe, shipPirogue, navire
78.VaïwaiwaterEau
109.VarouwalueightHuit
38.VerawelahotChaud
28.WahawahamouthBouche
127.WahiwahiplaceLieu
186.Wahiwahi ('place, site')sectionPartie
91.Wahinewahinefemale, womanFemelle, femme
142.Waï lepowai lepomarsh, bog, swampMarais
86.Waneʻuhanespirit, natural feelingEsprit, naturel
229.Wati, motouwāhi, haki / mokuto breakRompre, brisé
115.Wau, auwau, auI, meJe, moi
195.WawaewāwaefootPied, patte
61.Wawahiwāwahitear, ripDéchirer
221.Wawahiwāwahi ('to shatter, break')quarrel, brawlQuerelle
114.WawaïwāwaelegJambe
79.WilauilalightningÉclair

REFERENCES

Dumont d’Urville, J .S. C. 1834. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe, éxecuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826—1827—1828—1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont(d) 'Urville. Paris: Ministère de la Marine. [Word list: pp. 196–306.]

Considérations sur les dialectes de la langue Polynésienne, pp 265-66.

Nos ressources pour le dialecte hawaii ou des îles Sandwich ont été bien plus limitées. Il a fallu nous contenter de ce que nous avons trouvé dans le vocabulaire d'Anderson, et d'un certain nombre de mots recueillis et communiqués par M. Gaimard. En compulsant attentivement la narration d'Ellis sur son séjour à Hawaii, nous avons réussi à ajouter une centaine de mots à cette première liste, et à vérifier ceux qui provenaient d'autres sources.1

(1Naguère on nous a montré un Vocabulaire hawaii assez étendu, mais on n'a point voulu nous permettre d'en prendre communication, ce qui nous eût mis à même de compléter la liste d'Hawaii dans notre Vocabulaire comparatif. Cela est d'autant plus fâcheux que la personne qui a recueilli ce Vocabulaire ne parait pas disposée à le publier elle-même. II faudra donc attendre que les Missionnaires anglais donnent enfin celui qu'ils promettent depuis longtemps.)

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