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The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

J.S.C. Dumont d’Urville's List
(1834)

Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer, naval officer and rear admiral, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. He visited the Pacific on a voyage round the world in 1826-1829, and published a comparative study of six Austronesian languages: Malagasy, Malay, Māori, Tongan, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, using predominately published sources. The following is a translation of the section regarding Hawaiian in the text accompanying his Vocabulary:
Our resources for the dialect of Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands were much more limited. We had to content ourselves with what we found in Anderson's vocabulary, and a number of words collected and disclosed by Mr. Gaimard. In poring carefully over the narration of Ellis on his stay in Hawaii, we were able to add another hundred of so words to the first list, and to verify those from other sources.1

(1Not long ago we were shown a fairly extensive Hawaiian vocabulary, but we were not allowed to make use of it, which would have otherwise allowed us to complete the Hawaiian list in our comparative vocabulary. This is all the more unfortunate because the person who collected the vocabulary does not seem willing to publish it himself. So we must therefore wait until the English Missionaries finally provide what they have long promised.)

"Observations on the dialects of the Polynesian Language", pp. 265-66. (original text below)

analyzed and annotated by Laiana Wong

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist glossFrench
81.Mirou, akea___abode of happiness, Elysium, paradiseÉlysée, paradis
69.Nouna, rounai lunaaboveDessus
3.HahahanaactionAction
4.PihipiliadhereAdhérer
12.Koumou? kumu ('base, bottom, source')anusAnus
222.Ape, taroʻape ('taro-like plant'), kaloArum rootRacine d'Arum
104.TohikoʻiaxHache, herminette
19.OheʻohebambooBambou
20.Oumi oumiʻumiʻumibeardBarbe
21.Pepehipepehito beatBattre
260.OpouʻōpūbellyVentre
32.Maromalo ('loincloth')beltCeinture
101.NouïnuibigGrand
174.ManoumanubirdOiseau
2.Hanauhānaugive birthAccoucher
10.Ouna, ava___, ʻawabitterAmer
164.Ere ere, eleleʻeleʻeleblackNoir
18.Paha? paʻa*blindAveugle
*perhaps - paʻa ka maka 'shut, closed eyes'
236.KokokokobloodSang
201.Papapapaboard, plankPlanche
48.Kinokinobody, trunkCorps, tronc
178.IviiwiboneOs
229.Wati, motouwāhi, haki / mokuto breakRompre, brisé
139.Hou? waiūbreastMamelle
97.Teïna, touanakaina, kuaʻanabrotherFrère
30.Mariemāliecalm, quietCalme
197.Vahawaʻacanoe, shipPirogue, navire
35.HoïahoʻicertainlyCertainement
116.Papa ringapāpālinacheekJoue
208.Oumaumachest, breastPoitrine
39.Eri, alihi, kanakiraaliʻi, ___high chiefChef, grand
82.Kaïkaï, tamakeiki, kamachildEnfant
170.Hopouaʻōpuacloud, haze, mist, gloom, shadow, (dejection)Nuage
45.Niauniu / nīʻau ('midrib of frond')coconutCoco (noix)
98.Anou, hokeka, toeanu, ___, koʻecoldFroid
258.Hou maïhōʻea maito comeVenir
55.Oumaï? imu, umu, ʻoma ('oven')cooking, kitchenCuisine
54.OpaïʻōpaecrabCrabe
254.Poutapukato cross, to go over or throughTraverser
113.Hohoʻōʻōcultivating toolInstrument pour la culture
50.IbouipucupCoupe, tasse
102.Ola, ouraola, hoʻōlato cureGuérir
51.OtiʻokicutCouper
58.OurahuladanceDanse
172.Pouripouliobscure, darkObscur
117.AhoaodayJour
153.Mate, makemakedeadMort
187.Halahalato depart, to be offPartir
67.Ake, makeake, makedesireDésirer
234.Repolepodirty, slovenly, untidySal, malpropre
90.Hahahanato act, to doFaire, agir
41.IlioʻīliodogChien
223.Tikī ('ti plant')Dracaena rootRacine de Dracaena
268.Hoouhoudrill, bore, augerVrille, foret
25.Inouinuto drinkBoire
238.Naromaloʻodry, to drySec, sécher
212.RepolepodustPoussière
177.Pepe idopepeiaoearOreille
248.Hena, honouaʻāina, honuaearth, groundTerre, terrain
140.Haï, païnaʻai, pāʻinato eatManger
109.VarouwalueightHuit
16.Atira? a kena ('until quenched')enoughAssez
243.Ahai ahaiahiahieveningSoir
173.Mata, kaonohimaka, ka ʻōnohieye, eyesOEil, yeux
269.Onohi (prunelle)ʻōnohieye, look, pupilYeux, regard
87.Kapakapafabric from bark of treeÉtoffe en écorce d'arbre
262.Matemakeface, countenanceVisage, figure
5.PororipōlolifamishedAffamé
129.TahitiKahikifarLoin
191.Modoua tanemakua kānefatherPère
62.Apa? hape ('mistake' Maori)fault, errorDéfaut
193.Matahoumakaʻufear, faint heartedPeureux, lâche
204.Ourou manouhulu manufeatherPlume
220.Te tahikekahia few, someoneQuelque, quelqu'un
133.Tawakauato fight againstLutter, combattre
176.MaïaomaiʻaofingernailOngles (de la main)
92.AhiahifireFeu
207.IhaiʻafishPoisson
44.RimalimafiveCinq
154.NaronaloflyMouche
263.HaïʻaifoodstuffsVivres
195.WawaewāwaefootPied, patte
100.RaelaeforeheadFront
89.Ho orihaolestranger, foreignerÉtranger
95.Pari, pa kawapali ('cliff'), pā ('enclosure') kaua ('war')fortress, strongForteresse, fort
219.HaahāfourQuatre
126.NoanoafreeLibre
11.OhahoafriendAmi
73.Ohōto giveDonner
74.Omaïhō maigive meDonne-moi
9.Hereheleto goAller
70.AkouaakuagodDieu
27.Maï, taïmaikaʻigoodBon
40.La wouhou, oholauoho, ohohairCheveux
205.OhoohohairPoils
134.Limalima, rimalimalima, limahandMain
37.PapalepāpalehatChapeau
249.PohopoʻoheadTête
237.OraolahealthSanté, salut
84.Roheloheto hearEntendre
46.NahonaʻauheartCoeur
211.Moamoahen, fowlPoule
110.Iouneii ʻaneʻihereIci
29.Hounahūnāto hideCacher
131.Ia, nanaia, nāna ('for or by him')him, heLui, il
245.Ana, kanaāna, kānahisSon, sien
256.Pouta, boukapukaholeTrou
233.Taboukapuholy, inviolableSacré, inviolable
105.Matau, pamakau, pā ('pearl shell fishhook')hookHameçon
38.VerawelahotChaud
136.Hare, halehalehouseMaison
34.Raaulau ('four hundred')one hundredCent
143.TanekānehusbandMari
115.Wau, auwau, auI, meJe, moi
137.Mahimaʻiill, illnessMal, maladie
57.I rotoi lokoin, insideDans, dedans
149.Rotolokomiddle, interiorMilieu, intérieur
112.MokoumokuislandIle
53.Tipi? kipi ('to dig with sharp tool')knifeCouteau
121.RerouʻōlelolanguageLangage
227.Ataʻalato laughRire
93.RaulauleafFeuille
114.WawaïwāwaelegJambe
79.WilauilalightningÉclair
80.Roheloheto listenÉcouter
125.MohomoʻolizardLézard
130.RoaloalongLong, étendu
225.Miri mirimilimilito look atRegarder
210.HoutouʻukulousePou
6.Arohaalohalike, loveAimer
96.HehenahehenamadnessFou
107.Tanata, kanakakanakamanHomme
142.Waï lepowai lepomarsh, bog, swampMarais
128.Mohena, mohengamoenabed, sleeping matLit, natte pour dormir
159.Ahouʻahu, ʻaʻahumat, mattingNatte
160.Tapakapabark matNatte en écorce
119.Hou, waïaū, waiūmilkLait
141.Apa? ʻapa ('to delay, waste time')to miss, to fail, to go wrongManquer
145.Houïhuimixture, mingling, blendingMélange
132.Mahina, maramamahina, malamamoonLune
147.Modoua vahinimakuahinemotherMère
152.MonamaunamountainMontagne, mont
28.WahawahamouthBouche
155.OnoʻonimovementMouvement
22.Nouïnuimuch, plenty, lotsBeaucoup
148.Kou, naaukoʻu, naʻumine, myMien, mon
165.InoainoanameNom
158.Maoremaolinative, indigenousNatif, indigène
166.PitopikonavelNombril
49.AïʻāʻīneckCou
171.Popōnight, darknessNuit, ténèbres
161.IvaiwanineNeuf (nombre)
167.Aoe, aoreʻaʻohe, ʻaʻoleno, negationNon, négation
163.Rana kira (vainqueur)lanakila (conqueror)noble, lordNoble, seigneur
162.HiouihunoseNez
63.Rahoui, tabou? rāhui (Tah.), kapunot permittedDéfendu, non permis
135.Aheneïaʻe nei ('just-(in time)')now, present, at the momentMaintenant
183.Naïou, nawaï___perfume, odor, scentParfum
59.No, ono, oofDe
257.Tahi, kahikahioneUn
181.OhehoepaddlePagaie
76.Mahimaui ('bruise')painfulDouloureux, pénible
182.Pahoupahu ('box')palisade, fence inPalissade
99.Ma___palm leafFronde
185.Ho, oʻō ('to answer')particle corresponding to thisParticule répondant à c'est
190.OureulepenisPénis
194.PahapahaperhapsPeut-être
198.Mimimimito piss, to make waterPisser
127.WahiwahiplaceLieu
199.Rehaleʻato be pleased, to approve, acceptPlaire, agréer
200.RehaleʻapleasurePlaisir
206.Koïra? ʻoipoint, pointedPointe, pointu
209.IbouipupotPot
215.Poulepuleto prayPrier
216.Oukouukuprice, valuePrix, valeur
214.Tahouna, kahounekahunapriest, who knowsPrêtre, qui sait
217.Tabou, tafoukapuprohibitedProhibé, interdit
31.Laelaepromontory, headlandCap, pointe
14.Houtihoutihukihukipull out, tear outArracher
221.Wawahiwāwahi ('to shatter, break')quarrel, brawlQuerelle
203.OuauarainPluie
224.Hioreʻiolerat, mouseRat, souris
230.Oura ouraʻulaʻularedRouge
156.Parapalaripe, to ripenMûr, mûrir
231.Ara nouï, alaalanui, alaroadRoute
196.Poure? pali ('cliff, precipice')rock, high, steep cragPierre, rocher
47.TourakaularopeCorde
52.Rere? lele ('jump, fly')to runCourir
83.Rere? lelerun away, escapeEnfuir(s')
239.PataïpaʻakaisaltSel
235.Oniani ('beckon')salute, bow, cheer, to wave to , hailSaluer
232.OneonesandSable
146.Taï, kaï mitikai, kai miki ('receding sea')seaMer
186.Wahiwahi ('place, site')sectionPartie
264.Ike, iteʻiketo seeVoir, aperce-voir
240.HitouhikusevenSept
175.Maroumalushadow, shadeOmbre
226.Mango, manomanōsharkRequin
228.Kaha kaï, outakahakai, o ukashore, beachRivage, plage
85.Po ivipoʻohiwishoulderÉpaule
138.MahimaʻisickMalade
36.Merimeleto singChanter
15.NohonohositAsseoir(s')
242.OnoonosixSix
189.IriʻiliskinPeau
43.Rani, lanilanisky, heavenCiel
75.Mohemoeto sleepDormir
192.Ou outou, itiʻuʻukusmall, tinyPetit, mince
77.Nolou nolounolunolusoftDoux
94.Kama itikamaikisonFils
184.OreroʻōlelospeakParler
120.AieihespearLance, pique
86.Waneʻuhanespirit, natural feelingEsprit, naturel
124.Toukūstand upLever (se)
88.HitouhōkūstarÉtoile
247.Inoʻinostorm, hurricaneTempête, ouragan
244.Ra, lalāsunSoleil (lumière du)
246.Ponoponosure, certainSûr, certain
188.Ouharaʻualasweet potatoPatate douce
108.Narounaluswell, surgeHoule
157.OuʻauswimNager
213.Haohaoto take, snatch, seizePrendre, saisir
61.Wawahiwāwahitear, ripDéchirer
71.Ourou, oumiʻumitenDix
72.Lehoulehuten thousandDix mille
33.TerakēlāthatCela
123.He, keke, hethe, aLe, un
118.Terera? ma laila, kēlā ('that')thereLà
56.OuwhaaʻūhāthighCuisse
151.Rahoi, dehoi? lahilahithin, slimMince
42.MeameathingChose
150.ManomanothousandMille
255.ToroukoluthreeTrois
252.HetirihekilithunderTonnerre
7.PelapēlāthusAinsi
241.Manaamana₇ ('a taboo house in a heiau')tomb, place to receive religious objects, altarSépulcre
251.BouoapūʻoʻatombTombe
64.AboboʻapōpōtomorrowDomain
122.Ererouelelo, alelotongueLangue
65.NihiounihotoothDent
1.Hi, iito, towardA
253.MariemālietranquilTranquille
13.RahaulāʻautreeArbre
267.Ponoponotrue, exactVrai, exact
261.Ponoponotruth, trueVérité, vrai
66.RoualuatwoDeux
68.Diro, raroi lalounderDessous
60.KoukūuprightDebout (être)
17.Ariaaliato waitAttendre
103.Tawakaua ('war') / koa ('warrior')warriorGuerrier
78.VaïwaiwaterEau
168.Kawa, mawakāua, māuawe, us (dual)Nous (duel)
169.Kakou, matoukākou, mākouwe (plural)Nous (pluriel)
202.Aweuēto weep, to moanPleurer, gémir
218.Roualuawell, pit, shaftPuits
179.Tehea___ heawhere?Où?
23.Teou teou, keo keo, keakeʻokeʻowhiteBlanc
24.Nakea___white menBlancs (hommes)
144.Hinoʻinowicked, evil, badMéchant, mauvais
8.Makanimakaniair, windAir
259.Matani, makani, ahomakani, ahe, aho ('breath')wind, breezeVent
91.Wahinewahinefemale, womanFemelle, femme
26.Rahaulāʻauwood, forestBois
111.OuhiuhiyamIgname
180.AïʻaeyesOui
106.Ineineïi nehineiyesterdayHier
250.Hoe, kauʻoe, kāu ('your')youToi, tu
265.Horouaʻoluayou (two)Vous (duel)
266.Oukouʻoukouyou (plural)Vous (pluriel)

REFERENCES

Dumont d’Urville, J .S. C. 1834. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe, éxecuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826—1827—1828—1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont(d) 'Urville. Paris: Ministère de la Marine. [Word list: pp. 196–306.]

Considérations sur les dialectes de la langue Polynésienne, pp 265-66.

Nos ressources pour le dialecte hawaii ou des îles Sandwich ont été bien plus limitées. Il a fallu nous contenter de ce que nous avons trouvé dans le vocabulaire d'Anderson, et d'un certain nombre de mots recueillis et communiqués par M. Gaimard. En compulsant attentivement la narration d'Ellis sur son séjour à Hawaii, nous avons réussi à ajouter une centaine de mots à cette première liste, et à vérifier ceux qui provenaient d'autres sources.1

(1Naguère on nous a montré un Vocabulaire hawaii assez étendu, mais on n'a point voulu nous permettre d'en prendre communication, ce qui nous eût mis à même de compléter la liste d'Hawaii dans notre Vocabulaire comparatif. Cela est d'autant plus fâcheux que la personne qui a recueilli ce Vocabulaire ne parait pas disposée à le publier elle-même. II faudra donc attendre que les Missionnaires anglais donnent enfin celui qu'ils promettent depuis longtemps.)

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