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The earliest Hawaiian word lists

Anderson - 1778    Samwell - 1779    Beresford - 1787    Martinez - 1789    Santeliz es Pablo - 1791    Quimper - 1791    
Lisiansky - 1804    Campbell - 1809    Gaimard/Arago - 1819    Bishop/Ellis - 1825    Botta - 1828    Dumont - 1834    

J.S.C. Dumont d’Urville's List
(1834)

Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer, naval officer and rear admiral, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. He visited the Pacific on a voyage round the world in 1826-1829, and published a comparative study of six Austronesian languages: Malagasy, Malay, Māori, Tongan, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, using predominately published sources. The following is a translation of the section regarding Hawaiian in the text accompanying his Vocabulary:
Our resources for the dialect of Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands were much more limited. We had to content ourselves with what we found in Anderson's vocabulary, and a number of words collected and disclosed by Mr. Gaimard. In poring carefully over the narration of Ellis on his stay in Hawaii, we were able to add another hundred of so words to the first list, and to verify those from other sources.1

(1Not long ago we were shown a fairly extensive Hawaiian vocabulary, but we were not allowed to make use of it, which would have otherwise allowed us to complete the Hawaiian list in our comparative vocabulary. This is all the more unfortunate because the person who collected the vocabulary does not seem willing to publish it himself. So we must therefore wait until the English Missionaries finally provide what they have long promised.)

"Observations on the dialects of the Polynesian Language", pp. 265-66. (original text below)

analyzed and annotated by Laiana Wong

click on column heading to sort

num.list wordmodern Hawaiianlist glossFrench
24.Nakea___white menBlancs (hommes)
81.Mirou, akea___abode of happiness, Elysium, paradiseÉlysée, paradis
99.Ma___palm leafFronde
183.Naïou, nawaï___perfume, odor, scentParfum
180.AïʻaeyesOui
135.Aheneïaʻe nei ('just-(in time)')now, present, at the momentMaintenant
92.AhiahifireFeu
243.Ahai ahaiahiahieveningSoir
159.Ahouʻahu, ʻaʻahumat, mattingNatte
263.HaïʻaifoodstuffsVivres
49.AïʻāʻīneckCou
140.Haï, païnaʻai, pāʻinato eatManger
248.Hena, honouaʻāina, honuaearth, groundTerre, terrain
67.Ake, makeake, makedesireDésirer
70.AkouaakuagodDieu
227.Ataʻalato laughRire
231.Ara nouï, alaalanui, alaroadRoute
17.Ariaaliato waitAttendre
39.Eri, alihi, kanakiraaliʻi, ___high chiefChef, grand
6.Arohaalohalike, loveAimer
245.Ana, kanaāna, kānahisSon, sien
110.Iouneii ʻaneʻihereIci
235.Oniani ('beckon')salute, bow, cheer, to wave to , hailSaluer
98.Anou, hokeka, toeanu, ___, koʻecoldFroid
117.AhoaodayJour
167.Aoe, aoreʻaʻohe, ʻaʻoleno, negationNon, négation
141.Apa? ʻapa ('to delay, waste time')to miss, to fail, to go wrongManquer
222.Ape, taroʻape ('taro-like plant'), kaloArum rootRacine d'Arum
64.AboboʻapōpōtomorrowDomain
157.OuʻauswimNager
10.Ouna, ava___, ʻawabitterAmer
164.Ere ere, eleleʻeleʻeleblackNoir
122.Ererouelelo, alelotongueLangue
219.HaahāfourQuatre
187.Halahalato depart, to be offPartir
136.Hare, halehalehouseMaison
3.HahahanaactionAction
90.Hahahanato act, to doFaire, agir
2.Hanauhānaugive birthAccoucher
213.Haohaoto take, snatch, seizePrendre, saisir
89.Ho orihaolestranger, foreignerÉtranger
62.Apa? hape ('mistake' Maori)fault, errorDéfaut
179.Tehea___ heawhere?Où?
96.HehenahehenamadnessFou
252.HetirihekilithunderTonnerre
9.Hereheleto goAller
240.HitouhikusevenSept
73.Ohōto giveDonner
74.Omaïhō maigive meDonne-moi
11.OhahoafriendAmi
181.OhehoepaddlePagaie
258.Hou maïhōʻea maito comeVenir
35.HoïahoʻicertainlyCertainement
88.HitouhōkūstarÉtoile
268.Hoouhoudrill, bore, augerVrille, foret
145.Houïhuimixture, mingling, blendingMélange
14.Houtihoutihukihukipull out, tear outArracher
58.OurahuladanceDanse
204.Ourou manouhulu manufeatherPlume
29.Hounahūnāto hideCacher
1.Hi, iito, towardA
207.IhaiʻafishPoisson
131.Ia, nanaia, nāna ('for or by him')him, heLui, il
120.AieihespearLance, pique
162.HiouihunoseNez
264.Ike, iteʻiketo seeVoir, aperce-voir
189.IriʻiliskinPeau
41.IlioʻīliodogChien
55.Oumaï? imu, umu, ʻoma ('oven')cooking, kitchenCuisine
144.Hinoʻinowicked, evil, badMéchant, mauvais
247.Inoʻinostorm, hurricaneTempête, ouragan
165.InoainoanameNom
25.Inouinuto drinkBoire
224.Hioreʻiolerat, mouseRat, souris
50.IbouipucupCoupe, tasse
209.IbouipupotPot
161.IvaiwanineNeuf (nombre)
178.IviiwiboneOs
228.Kaha kaï, outakahakai, o ukashore, beachRivage, plage
257.Tahi, kahikahioneUn
129.TahitiKahikifarLoin
214.Tahouna, kahounekahunapriest, who knowsPrêtre, qui sait
146.Taï, kaï mitikai, kai miki ('receding sea')seaMer
97.Teïna, touanakaina, kuaʻanabrotherFrère
169.Kakou, matoukākou, mākouwe (plural)Nous (pluriel)
94.Kama itikamaikisonFils
107.Tanata, kanakakanakamanHomme
143.TanekānehusbandMari
87.Kapakapafabric from bark of treeÉtoffe en écorce d'arbre
160.Tapakapabark matNatte en écorce
217.Tabou, tafoukapuprohibitedProhibé, interdit
233.Taboukapuholy, inviolableSacré, inviolable
133.Tawakauato fight againstLutter, combattre
103.Tawakaua ('war') / koa ('warrior')warriorGuerrier
168.Kawa, mawakāua, māuawe, us (dual)Nous (duel)
47.TourakaularopeCorde
123.He, keke, hethe, aLe, un
82.Kaïkaï, tamakeiki, kamachildEnfant
220.Te tahikekahia few, someoneQuelque, quelqu'un
33.TerakēlāthatCela
16.Atira? a kena ('until quenched')enoughAssez
23.Teou teou, keo keo, keakeʻokeʻowhiteBlanc
223.Tikī ('ti plant')Dracaena rootRacine de Dracaena
48.Kinokinobody, trunkCorps, tronc
53.Tipi? kipi ('to dig with sharp tool')knifeCouteau
104.TohikoʻiaxHache, herminette
236.KokokokobloodSang
255.ToroukoluthreeTrois
148.Kou, naaukoʻu, naʻumine, myMien, mon
60.KoukūuprightDebout (être)
124.Toukūstand upLever (se)
12.Koumou? kumu ('base, bottom, source')anusAnus
244.Ra, lalāsunSoleil (lumière du)
13.RahaulāʻautreeArbre
26.Rahaulāʻauwood, forestBois
31.Laelaepromontory, headlandCap, pointe
100.RaelaeforeheadFront
151.Rahoi, dehoi? lahilahithin, slimMince
68.Diro, raroi lalounderDessous
163.Rana kira (vainqueur)lanakila (conqueror)noble, lordNoble, seigneur
43.Rani, lanilanisky, heavenCiel
93.RaulauleafFeuille
34.Raaulau ('four hundred')one hundredCent
40.La wouhou, oholauoho, ohohairCheveux
199.Rehaleʻato be pleased, to approve, acceptPlaire, agréer
200.RehaleʻapleasurePlaisir
72.Lehoulehuten thousandDix mille
83.Rere? lelerun away, escapeEnfuir(s')
52.Rere? lele ('jump, fly')to runCourir
212.RepolepodustPoussière
234.Repolepodirty, slovenly, untidySal, malpropre
44.RimalimafiveCinq
134.Limalima, rimalimalima, limahandMain
130.RoaloalongLong, étendu
80.Roheloheto listenÉcouter
84.Roheloheto hearEntendre
57.I rotoi lokoin, insideDans, dedans
149.Rotolokomiddle, interiorMilieu, intérieur
66.RoualuatwoDeux
218.Roualuawell, pit, shaftPuits
69.Nouna, rounai lunaaboveDessus
118.Terera? ma laila, kēlā ('that')thereLà
132.Mahina, maramamahina, malamamoonLune
137.Mahimaʻiill, illnessMal, maladie
138.MahimaʻisickMalade
176.MaïaomaiʻaofingernailOngles (de la main)
27.Maï, taïmaikaʻigoodBon
173.Mata, kaonohimaka, ka ʻōnohieye, eyesOEil, yeux
8.Makanimakaniair, windAir
259.Matani, makani, ahomakani, ahe, aho ('breath')wind, breezeVent
193.Matahoumakaʻufear, faint heartedPeureux, lâche
105.Matau, pamakau, pā ('pearl shell fishhook')hookHameçon
153.Mate, makemakedeadMort
262.Matemakeface, countenanceVisage, figure
191.Modoua tanemakua kānefatherPère
147.Modoua vahinimakuahinemotherMère
30.Mariemāliecalm, quietCalme
253.MariemālietranquilTranquille
32.Maromalo ('loincloth')beltCeinture
238.Naromaloʻodry, to drySec, sécher
175.Maroumalushadow, shadeOmbre
241.Manaamana₇ ('a taboo house in a heiau')tomb, place to receive religious objects, altarSépulcre
150.ManomanothousandMille
226.Mango, manomanōsharkRequin
174.ManoumanubirdOiseau
158.Maoremaolinative, indigenousNatif, indigène
76.Mahimaui ('bruise')painfulDouloureux, pénible
152.MonamaunamountainMontagne, mont
42.MeameathingChose
36.Merimeleto singChanter
225.Miri mirimilimilito look atRegarder
198.Mimimimito piss, to make waterPisser
211.Moamoahen, fowlPoule
75.Mohemoeto sleepDormir
128.Mohena, mohengamoenabed, sleeping matLit, natte pour dormir
112.MokoumokuislandIle
125.MohomoʻolizardLézard
46.NahonaʻauheartCoeur
154.NaronaloflyMouche
108.Narounaluswell, surgeHoule
106.Ineineïi nehineiyesterdayHier
65.NihiounihotoothDent
45.Niauniu / nīʻau ('midrib of frond')coconutCoco (noix)
59.No, ono, oofDe
126.NoanoafreeLibre
15.NohonohositAsseoir(s')
77.Nolou nolounolunolusoftDoux
22.Nouïnuimuch, plenty, lotsBeaucoup
101.NouïnuibigGrand
185.Ho, oʻō ('to answer')particle corresponding to thisParticule répondant à c'est
250.Hoe, kauʻoe, kāu ('your')youToi, tu
19.OheʻohebambooBambou
205.OhoohohairPoils
206.Koïra? ʻoipoint, pointedPointe, pointu
51.OtiʻokicutCouper
237.OraolahealthSanté, salut
102.Ola, ouraola, hoʻōlato cureGuérir
121.RerouʻōlelolanguageLangage
184.OreroʻōlelospeakParler
265.Horouaʻoluayou (two)Vous (duel)
232.OneonesandSable
155.OnoʻonimovementMouvement
242.OnoonosixSix
269.Onohi (prunelle)ʻōnohieye, look, pupilYeux, regard
113.Hohoʻōʻōcultivating toolInstrument pour la culture
54.OpaïʻōpaecrabCrabe
260.OpouʻōpūbellyVentre
170.Hopouaʻōpuacloud, haze, mist, gloom, shadow, (dejection)Nuage
266.Oukouʻoukouyou (plural)Vous (pluriel)
18.Paha? paʻa*blindAveugle
*perhaps - paʻa ka maka 'shut, closed eyes'
239.PataïpaʻakaisaltSel
194.PahapahaperhapsPeut-être
182.Pahoupahu ('box')palisade, fence inPalissade
156.Parapalaripe, to ripenMûr, mûrir
95.Pari, pa kawapali ('cliff'), pā ('enclosure') kaua ('war')fortress, strongForteresse, fort
196.Poure? pali ('cliff, precipice')rock, high, steep cragPierre, rocher
201.Papapapaboard, plankPlanche
37.PapalepāpalehatChapeau
116.Papa ringapāpālinacheekJoue
7.PelapēlāthusAinsi
21.Pepehipepehito beatBattre
177.Pepe idopepeiaoearOreille
166.PitopikonavelNombril
4.PihipiliadhereAdhérer
171.Popōnight, darknessNuit, ténèbres
5.PororipōlolifamishedAffamé
246.Ponoponosure, certainSûr, certain
261.Ponoponotruth, trueVérité, vrai
267.Ponoponotrue, exactVrai, exact
249.PohopoʻoheadTête
85.Po ivipoʻohiwishoulderÉpaule
172.Pouripouliobscure, darkObscur
254.Poutapukato cross, to go over or throughTraverser
256.Pouta, boukapukaholeTrou
215.Poulepuleto prayPrier
251.BouoapūʻoʻatombTombe
63.Rahoui, tabou? rāhui (Tah.), kapunot permittedDéfendu, non permis
119.Hou, waïaū, waiūmilkLait
203.OuauarainPluie
188.Ouharaʻualasweet potatoPatate douce
202.Aweuēto weep, to moanPleurer, gémir
56.OuwhaaʻūhāthighCuisse
86.Waneʻuhanespirit, natural feelingEsprit, naturel
111.OuhiuhiyamIgname
79.WilauilalightningÉclair
216.Oukouukuprice, valuePrix, valeur
210.HoutouʻukulousePou
230.Oura ouraʻulaʻularedRouge
190.OureulepenisPénis
208.Oumaumachest, breastPoitrine
71.Ourou, oumiʻumitenDix
20.Oumi oumiʻumiʻumibeardBarbe
192.Ou outou, itiʻuʻukusmall, tinyPetit, mince
197.Vahawaʻacanoe, shipPirogue, navire
28.WahawahamouthBouche
127.WahiwahiplaceLieu
186.Wahiwahi ('place, site')sectionPartie
229.Wati, motouwāhi, haki / mokuto breakRompre, brisé
91.Wahinewahinefemale, womanFemelle, femme
78.VaïwaiwaterEau
142.Waï lepowai lepomarsh, bog, swampMarais
139.Hou? waiūbreastMamelle
109.VarouwalueightHuit
115.Wau, auwau, auI, meJe, moi
114.WawaïwāwaelegJambe
195.WawaewāwaefootPied, patte
61.Wawahiwāwahitear, ripDéchirer
221.Wawahiwāwahi ('to shatter, break')quarrel, brawlQuerelle
38.VerawelahotChaud

REFERENCES

Dumont d’Urville, J .S. C. 1834. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe, éxecuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826—1827—1828—1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont(d) 'Urville. Paris: Ministère de la Marine. [Word list: pp. 196–306.]

Considérations sur les dialectes de la langue Polynésienne, pp 265-66.

Nos ressources pour le dialecte hawaii ou des îles Sandwich ont été bien plus limitées. Il a fallu nous contenter de ce que nous avons trouvé dans le vocabulaire d'Anderson, et d'un certain nombre de mots recueillis et communiqués par M. Gaimard. En compulsant attentivement la narration d'Ellis sur son séjour à Hawaii, nous avons réussi à ajouter une centaine de mots à cette première liste, et à vérifier ceux qui provenaient d'autres sources.1

(1Naguère on nous a montré un Vocabulaire hawaii assez étendu, mais on n'a point voulu nous permettre d'en prendre communication, ce qui nous eût mis à même de compléter la liste d'Hawaii dans notre Vocabulaire comparatif. Cela est d'autant plus fâcheux que la personne qui a recueilli ce Vocabulaire ne parait pas disposée à le publier elle-même. II faudra donc attendre que les Missionnaires anglais donnent enfin celui qu'ils promettent depuis longtemps.)

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